LOCAL COMMUNITY AND THEIR
EXISTENCE:
THE ENVIRONMENTAL WISDOM OF
KASEPUHAN CCOMMUNITY
AT CENGKUK VILLAGE, SUKABUMI DISTRICT, WEST
JAVA[1]
By
The research focused on
the eternality of environmental preservation of indigenous Sunda Village of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar at Southern Halimun
Mountain, Sukabumi District, West Java. The local community still exist with living heritage of the Sundaness tradition and culture. The study associated with the
depreciation of land and population growth. Cengkuk
Village was the one of several cluster villages that still practiced the tradition
to manage the environment. Socio-culture approach on this research has focused
into environmental wisdom values that occupied the forest land. The
distribution of forest community depends on functions and utilization, that
only leuweung tutupan have been used
definitely. The functions of forest as ecosystem buffer have been used
traditionally not only by main village but also the compose of several cluster
villages.
Changes in natural forest
on 1990-2010 reached an average area of 6-8% per year; originally 10.66 ha to
0.18 ha, and reduced by about 10.48 ha. Whereas the increase of the growth of
local population and the faded of traditional values or local knowledge and
external factors pressures like illegal logging would impact to the expanding
of land subsistence production with deforestation as the result. The method
that used is qualitative research with descriptive approach. The aggregation of
databases was from literatures, survey, participant observation, and depth
interview. Analysis of the processing database was descriptive approaches with
qualitative design generalized for make conclusion from observed pattern and
integrated that explain of the phenomena of environmental wisdom context.
Social mapping shown that spatial pattern replace that sacred-profane
settlements.
The result showed that Kasepuhan indigenous tradition is still
practicing by community that protected the forestland (leuweung tutupan) at the south of the settlement only for their
subsistence. Social-culture changes were occurring in the community with no
agricultural activities in the forest (outer islands agriculture), but
agricultural activities in the field (wet rice cultivation). Reduction in
process and ceremonial activities also happened, which was originally held eight
ceremonial outer island agriculture rituals into five ceremonial of wet rice
cultivation. More profane activities were developing economic crops in kebun-talun. The spatial pattern in
environmental aspect was still have position; mountains-settlement-rivers; the
main village of Kasepuhan—and the compose
of several cluster villages. Indigenous villages that were geographically
higher usually have more stricted tradition than the lower one.
Keywords: community,
kampong, environment, forest, tradition
Acknowledgement
I would like to thanks to
Dr. Boedhihartono from Department of Anthropology, University of Indonesia for
sharing valuable knowledge as my mentor, teacher, friend, even father to me. It’s
truly honor for me, although my undergraduate background from Archaeology and
Conservation which is deal with material culture, but he patiently guided me
with his good scientific in anthropology and how to look society as unity in
culture.
Maps
Location map of Kampung Cengkuk, Sukabumi, West Java
Map of landuse of Kampung Cengkuk, Sukabumi District, West Java
The Archaeological Site of ‘Megalith Culture’ at Kampung Cengkuk as
one of tourism attraction
The Annual Seren Taun’s
Ritual Gift to Mother-Earth (Dewi Sri)
followed by Local Communities and gathering at the Centre of ‘Kampung’ Gede
Kasepuhan Ciptagelar
[1] The
original research title is Kelestarian
Lingkungan Kampung Adat Sunda Kawasan Gunung Halimun Selatan: Studi Kearifan
Lingkungan Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan Kampung Cengkuk Sukabumi (Enviromental Eternality of Indigenous Sunda
Village at Southern Area of Halimun Mountain: Study of Environmental Wisdom on
Local Community at Kasepuhan Kampung Cengkuk Sukabumi) and proposed as graduate
thesis in the Department of Environmental Studies concentration in Human Ecology
at University of Indonesia in January 2011.
[2]
Guide at Unit Pengelola Kawasan Kotatua Jakarta. The author can be contacted at: sulistyo.ary26@gmail.com
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